Relative Pronouns: il quale and il cui

Il quale

1. The relative pronoun il quale is variable, meaning that it changes its form according to the gender and number of the word in the preceding clause that it replaces. Quale, in its relative pronoun form, is always accompanied by a definite article—either il, la, i, or le. When used in this way, quale is either the subject or the direct object of the sentence.
   
   Quale, with the appropriate definite article, translates to who, whom, that, or which depending on the context. It is often used instead of che to avoid ambiguity.
   
   

   Il mio professore di criminologia ha appena pubblicato un romanzo poliziesco, il quale sta riscuotendo un buon successo. My criminology professor has just published a detective novel, which is proving a great success. L’attrice, la quale non voleva partecipare nel film, adesso vuole parlare con il regista. The actress, who didn’t want to participate in the film, now wants to talk to the director. I fiori, i quali sono nel giardino vicino agli alberi, non crescono bene quest’anno. The flowers that are in the garden near the trees aren’t growing well this year. Le finestre del palazzo, le quali sono state rotte la notte scorsa, verranno sostituite domani. The windows of the building, which were broken last night, will be replaced tomorrow.