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Countable and Uncountable Nouns

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Nouns, in English and Italian, can be organized into two categories: countable (nomi numerabili) and uncountable (nomi non numerabili or nomi di massa).

Nomi numerabili

  • Countable nouns are definable, often tangible, things or beings. For example bicchieri or orologi.
    Ho portato delle mele se vuoi assaggiarle.
    I brought some apples if you'd like to taste them.

    Chissà quante persone verranno alla festa.
    Who knows how many people will come to the party.

  • Countable nouns only take modifiers in the plural.

    Ci sono pochi siti archeologici da visitare qui.
    There are few archaeological sites to visit here.

    Questa mattina abbiamo visto molti gabbiani sul molo.
    This morning we saw a lot of seagulls on the pier.

  • Countable nouns also only take the partitive in the plural.

    Ci sono delle macchie su quella camicia.
    There are some stains on that shirt.

    Alla conferenza saranno presenti degli studenti della facoltà di legge.
    Some law school students will be attending the conference.

Nomi non numerabili

Uncountable nouns, on the other hand, denote entities that cannot be numbered. For example, l'acqua, il sale, and il latte.

Uncountable nouns fit into a few helpful categories:

  • Fluids: 'acqua, il caffè, il latte, l'olio, il vino, la saliva, il sangue.
  • Metal and Materials: il ferro, l'oro, l’avorio, il legno, l'osso, il vetro.
  • Pastes: la creta, il dentifricio, la colla.
  • Colors: rosso, giallo, bianco.
  • Foods: il brodo, la minestra, il grano, il granoturco, l'orzo, la carne, il pane.
  • Uncountable nouns have no plural and when they do, the meaning of the word changes. Take, for example, the noun il ferro. Its plural would be i ferri, meaning utensils, which is quite different. Similarly, i sali and gli zuccheri, the plural of the uncountable il sale and lo zucchero refer to scientific or technical salts and sugars.
  • Uncountable nouns take only the singular partitive article.
    Chi vuole del caffè?
    Who wants some coffee?

    Mi passi del burro?
    Will you pass me some butter?

  • Uncountable nouns can be preceded by a few modifiers and indefinite adjectives, but only when they are used in the singular.
    Non c'è abbastanza pasta qui per tutti.
    There's not enough pasta here for everybody.

    Luisa utilizza molta creta nel suo seminario di ceramica.
    Luisa uses a lot of clay in her pottery workshop.

    C'è poco tempo da sprecare; datti una mossa!
    There's no (lit. little) time to waste; hurry up!

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