| Benedetta: | Ho un’amica che si chiama Elisabeth e qualche giorno fa mi ha chiesto di tradurle dall’inglese all’italiano un’email per conto di suo padre. |
| Emanuele: | Mi consenta, signora Benedetta! Che questa storia non sia noiosa come quella che mi ha raccontato l’ultima volta! |
| Benedetta: | Signor Emanuele, mi segua con attenzione e non si lagni. |
| Emanuele: | Parli pure, signora Benedetta! |
| Benedetta: | La famiglia di Elisabeth ha origini italiane. Nei primi del Novecento i suoi bisnonni lasciarono il loro paese d’origine e non vi fecero più ritorno. |
| Emanuele: | Va bene, sentiamo come procede questa storia! |
Now that we have studied the Italian subjunctive mood’s relationship with the conditional mood as part of a two-clause sentence, it’s important that we go over the subjunctive in independent clauses. In other words, there are certain cases in which the subjunctive is necessary even in the absence of a subjunctive-trigger verb.
The first of these is an exhortative type of subjunctive, which, as the label states, expresses an exhortation or command:
The example above is that of an indirect command, which usually requires the subjunctive. These types of commands usually begin with che and are usually not aimed at a particular person. We can almost imagine that a subjunctive-trigger verb precedes this che as it would in a normal two-clause subjunctive phrase:
Additionally, the imperative borrows the subjunctive conjugations for the 3rd person singular--which is used for the formal Lei--and plural, and for the 1st person plural noi, since it does not have its own conjugations for these subjects:
There are also a couple cases where the subjunctive is used in independent clauses to express disbelief through exclamation:
or even general desires:
As you can see, in our second and third “general desire” examples above we use the imperfect subjunctive instead of the present subjunctive. That is because, in the second example, magari can easily be substituted with se solo--which equally captures the speaker’s sentiment--and the use of se triggers the imperfect subjunctive. The third example lacks magari, but the se solo (“if only”) is implied.
The first of these is an exhortative type of subjunctive, which, as the label states, expresses an exhortation or command:
| Che entri il prossimo! Next! (Literally: Whoever’s next, enter!) |
The example above is that of an indirect command, which usually requires the subjunctive. These types of commands usually begin with che and are usually not aimed at a particular person. We can almost imagine that a subjunctive-trigger verb precedes this che as it would in a normal two-clause subjunctive phrase:
| (Voglio/ordino/esigo) che entri il prossimo! (I want/order/demand) whoever’s next to enter! |
Additionally, the imperative borrows the subjunctive conjugations for the 3rd person singular--which is used for the formal Lei--and plural, and for the 1st person plural noi, since it does not have its own conjugations for these subjects:
| Signora, paghi alla cassa per favore. Maam, pay at the register please. I tuoi compagni di band vadano a prendere gli strumenti! Your bandmates (should) go get their instruments! Vediamo questo film ora che abbiamo tempo! Let’s see this movie now that we have time! |
There are also a couple cases where the subjunctive is used in independent clauses to express disbelief through exclamation:
| Che Mario sia così egoista! Could Mario be that selfish?! Che Maria abbia dimenticato l’appuntamento?! Could Maria have forgotten about her appointment?! |
or even general desires:
| Viva l’Italia! (Long) live Italy! Magari uscisse il sole! I hope the sun comes out! Fossero qui con me! (I wish/If only) they were here with me! |
As you can see, in our second and third “general desire” examples above we use the imperfect subjunctive instead of the present subjunctive. That is because, in the second example, magari can easily be substituted with se solo--which equally captures the speaker’s sentiment--and the use of se triggers the imperfect subjunctive. The third example lacks magari, but the se solo (“if only”) is implied.
Fill in the blanks with the proper conjugations of the verbs in the parenthesis. The subject will be provided if it’s not clear.
- Che Marta (finire) la pasta! Noi abbiamo già mangiato.
- (pulire - noi) la casa prima che arrivi la mamma!
- Signori, (lasciare) le valigie qua.
- Signora Bianchi, (venire) da me sabato prossimo!
- (accomodarsi - Loro) pure!
- Nessuno (uscire) finché non avrò trovato la mia giacca!
- (ascoltare - noi) la lezione attentamente!
- Qualcuno (aiutare) la signora; vuole attraversare la strada!
- Barbara e Marco (fare) la doccia al cane; io l’ho lavato la settimana scorsa!
- Mi (chiamare - Lei) prima delle 8.
Fill in the blanks with the present, past, or imperfect subjunctive conjugations of the verbs in the parenthesis.
- Magari (essere) vero, ma è una bugia!
- (potere) andare d’accordo, tu ed io!
- Magari (avere) tempo per uscire! Ma devo studiare!
- Andare al centro commerciale il sabato pomeriggio?! Neanche (essere) matta!
- Magari il coreografo (scegliere) me!
- Che una bottiglia di vino (costare) così tanto!
- Magari (piovere) un po' questa sera!
- Magari Mario (trovarsi) un buon lavoro, invece di guardare la TV tutto il giorno!
- Che (perdere) le chiavi?!
- Che i tuoi cugini (dimenticare) l’appuntamento?!