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Introduction to the Present Subjunctive

Verbs and Expressions Requiring the Subjunctive

Irregular Verbs: Fare, Dire, Potere, Volere, Bere

Irregular Verbs: Andare, Dovere, Veni-re, Uscire, Scegliere

Irregular Verbs: Avere, Essere, Dare, Stare, Sapere

Introduction to the Past Subjunctive

Uses of the Past Subjunctive

Introduction to the Imperfect Subjunctive

Imperfect Subjunctive. Irregular Verbs: Bere, Dire, Fare, Tradurre

Imperfect Subjunctive and the Conditional Mood

Introduction to the Past Perfect Subjunctive

Past Perfect Subjunctive and the Past Conditional

The Subjunctive in Independent Clauses

Consistency of Tense with the Subjunctive: Present, Future, Imperative

Imperfect Subjunctive. Irregular Verbs: essere, dare, stare

Uses of the Past Subjunctive

As with our regular passato prossimo, the past subjunctive is used to express events that have taken place in the past.

In our previous lesson on the indicative past tense, we’ve explained the foundational structure of how this tense is formed: it is a compound tense that requires either avere or essere as an auxiliary verb to a past participle.

The past subjunctive tense is required instead of the past indicative tense (passato prossimo or passato remoto) whenever the subjunctive is required:

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